الاثنين، 28 مايو 2012

Ragging and Popular Indian Culture


by Sudipto Banerjee


Ragging at educational institutions in India (particularly in the residential campuses) is a very common phenomenon. Many students go through this humiliating and often physically abusing experience at the beginning of their college days. This is, without a doubt, a widespread social menace. And adding regional, cultural and socio-economic differences in student backgrounds only make things worse. Sometimes, I hear arguments (in defense of ragging) which claim ragging to be an ice-breaker between the old and new students. This is a ridiculous defense of a ridiculous practice. If humiliation and abuse are the essential ingredients of a conversation starter then we are not living in a civilized society. One cannot imagine similar practices at the workplace. Then why does it exist in colleges?

But the one development that disturbs me more than the act of ragging itself is its acceptance in our popular culture. Recently, I was watching an Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket match which was airing on prime time Indian television. These matches generally garner high TRPs and are watched by millions and millions of Indians. And, when I watched an apparently innocuous advertisement of Cadbury�s Dairy Milk chocolate I was shocked. The ad used a stage of ragging to promote its product. It shows the ragging victim distributing chocolates to his tormenting seniors and their hearts melt so much so that they forget ragging and return hugs to him. This was not the first time I observed such callous depiction of ragging in front of millions. I have seen ragging stages used as comedic backdrops in blockbuster Bollywood movies as well. �Munnabhai MBBS� and �3 Idiots� are the ones that immediately come to my mind. Not surprisingly, in all three instances the victim of ragging comes out �victorious�. Such is the demand of our popular culture! But in my experience as a student, I have never heard of or seen anyone who came out �victorious� from their ragging. The truth is, if you try to be a �hero� in front of your seniors on a ragging stage, you are only making your college days more miserable. And the pain, anguish, humiliation and abuse that follows is never portrayed in a culture which is used to see actors as �heroes�.

The way the Cadbury ad depicted ragging, it looked more like an innocent fun act than ragging. True, not every ragging episode goes to extreme ends. But some do. And certainly most of them are neither innocent nor fun and very few of them end with hugs. Ragging is a criminally punishable offense and it would be better for the society if our popular culture depicts it that way. I imagine it would be absolutely wonderful for parents if they could send their kids to colleges with bags full of sweets and chocolates and not worry about their son or daughter getting ragged. Until that day comes, why not treat ragging as what it is?


السبت، 26 مايو 2012

Sun story: Annular eclipse of 20th May, 2012


by Team Padakshep


The mighty Sun

Ball of fire
The Sun has been a huge source of inspiration since the dawn of human civilization. It is probably the first celestial object to be given the status of �God�. The sense of awe that the Sun generates just by its looks seems to fall short when we come to know what our Sun is in reality. You can imagine what went on in the minds of ancient people from China, Egypt, Assyria or India when they saw the awe-inspiring Sun suddenly being covered by a dark disk. Solar eclipse as we call it, was a mysterious and sometimes terrifying event for ancient people of this planet. Little did they know that it is actually caused by our very own moon coming in between the earth and the Sun.


The fear factor

Ring of fire --- annular eclipse
How big was the fear of something baleful might happen? There is a legend in ancient chinese texts that king Zhong Kang executed two royal astronomers Hsi and Ho as they failed to predict the solar eclipse of 2136 BC. A story on them is available here. In India, many still believe their sins bring solar eclipses and a dip in the �holy� river Ganges will wash away all their sins and free them from the never-ending cycle of life and death. The Egyptians and the Mayans had their versions of scary stories too. Many such stories are available here.


Egyptians, Chinese, Assyrians, Babylonians and Greeks were the first to record solar eclipses in a systematic manner. Indian records were often shrouded in religious and mythological contexts and are not verifiable directly. Some believe that solar eclipses were mentioned in Rigveda and in the epic Mahabharata while many dispute those claims. The first scientific approach in India to this celestial event came probably from Aryabhata in 498 AD when he tried to explain the solar eclipse as due to the shadow of moon on the earth. A detailed study on historical records of solar eclipses in India can be found here.



May 20th, 2012 was a special day as people from East Asia and North America observed a rare annular solar eclipse. A small, sleepy town of Kannaraville in Utah became a tourist destination for people from around the world as the path of maximum annularity went right over  it. Below is a composite image of several phases of the eclipse as observed by a team from Padakshep. This is what you would have seen if you were somewhere in southwestern Utah on May 20th, 2012.

Transit of moon

A video made from the still photographs is here:




Photographs taken by Arnab Rudra and Kusumika Mukherjee from Padakshep. Please give credit to them if you reuse these photographs.